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长安出国雅思培训机构,预约免费试听Hello小烤鸭们,在雅思备考期间,是不是被阅读的长难句弄的有些晕头转向呢?
其实我们所谓的“长难句”,未必会“长”;而它之所以“难”,常常是由于句子成分复杂,在阅读时难以辨别句子主干。
雅思语法:非谓语短语作后置定语的运用
大家有没有发现,在阅读英语文章时,只要一个句子我们不必调整任何语序就能读懂的时候,那么不管这个句子多长,我们都不会觉得它难度高。
可如果一个句子如果不调整语序就会让我们无法识别主干的时候,即便这个句子只有短短一行,我们仍觉得难度很高。
那么是什么造成了这种现象呢?
如果往源头追溯我们就会发现,造成这种现象的其实是中文和英文的根本差异。那么这篇文章,我们就来关注这样一个差异点:定语。
定语是修饰名词的成分,在中文里面,无论定语有多长,我们都习惯把它放在名词之前。
可是在英文中,为了避免“头重脚轻”这一现象,较为复杂的定语一律都被放在名词的后面,此时我们称之为“后置定语”。
这种情况就会给来自中国的小烤鸭们造成一些误解。
所以,在遇到后置定语时,首先我们需要把它识别出来,并且按照中文的思维在翻译时将其放置在名词之前,并用“的”将定语和名词隔开。
那么,这期文章我们就来关注一种常常出现又让烤鸭觉得一头雾水的后置定语:非谓语动词短语作后置定语。
什么是“谓语动词”
首先,我们来理解一下何为“非谓语动词”。谓语是句子中不可或缺的成分,由动词担任。
但动词形式多样,并不是每一种动词的形式都可以担当谓语。其中虽然是动词,但是由于形式原因不能担任谓语的,就叫做非谓语动词。
谓语动词主要包括三种类型:动词不定式(to do),现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)。
当非谓语动词成为了定语来修饰名词时,常常会被误认作谓语动词,以至于不能正确识别主干。
我们先来看几个较为简单的例子:
We should save water for the generations to come.
解析:不定式“to come”在此处作为后置定语修饰了generations这个名词,翻译为“未来的世世代代”。一般不定式作为定语修饰名词常常用于表示将来。真正的谓语动词是“should save”。
The man giving a speech inspired me a lot.
解析:现在分词“giving”引导的短语“giving a speech”在此处作为后置定语修饰了前面的名词“man”,翻译为“正在作演讲的那个男人”。真正的谓语动词是“inspired”。
The novel written by J.K.Rowling is popular with people of all age groups.
解析:过去分词“written”引导的短语“written by J.K.Rowling”在此处作为后置定语修饰了前面的名词“novel”,翻译为“J.K.罗琳写的那本小说”真正的谓语动词应该是“is”。
相较于前两种非谓语动词,过去分词(done)要更难区分一些,因为很多动词的过去分词和过去式的形式都是一模一样的,单凭肉眼辨识肯定无法得出。举个例子:
One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness caused by food.
这个句子中,“calculated”和“caused”这两个动词,过去分词形式和过去式形式都是一样的。
但是我们可以发现,这两个动词和前面的名词表示的都是一种被动关系,一个是“被Pretty教授计算的花销”,一个是“被食物造成的疾病”。
当位于名词之后的动词和名词形成了被动关系时,此时的动词形式即为过去分词,是在修饰限定这个名词,起到的是定语作用。
并且此类过去分词常常后面带一个介词“by”作为小尾巴,这个介词表达的也是名词和动词之间被动的含义。
练 习
请找出本句中谁是过去分词作后置定语:
The quantity of fresh water consumed per person doubled on average.
答案:consumed,因为water(水)和consumed(消耗)之间是被动关系。
请找出以下句子中中所有的非谓语动词作后置定语:
The results to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people.
答案:“To be announced” 本质是to do不定式,这里作定语修饰了“results”。“Associated”和“diseases”是被动关系(疾病和老年的关系应该是被连接起来),所以为过去分词,作后置定语,修饰了 “diseases”。
The proportion of people suffering from age-related medical problems is falling.
答案:“suffering”是现在分词,引导了短语“suffering from age-related medical problems”,作后置定语修饰限定了前面的名词“people”
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长安出国雅思培训机构,预约免费试听
石家庄雅思辅导,石家庄雅思6分班,石家庄雅思6.5分培训,石家庄雅思7分班,石家庄新航道雅思培训经典格言:人不应该完全为自己的欲望而活着,但却可以为灵魂的生存而牺牲。。Describe a tall building in your city you like or dislike
You should say:
Where it is
What it is used for
What it looks like
And explain why you like or dislike it
#话题分析
这道雅思口语话题是关于建筑的,你需要描述一个你喜欢或者不喜欢的建筑,可以是比较著 名的高楼建筑,也可以是所处城市的高楼建筑。接着阐述它的用途,它可以是用来办公/住宿/观光等等作用。再描述一下它的外表,最后阐述一下喜欢或者不喜欢的原因,理由合理即可。下面为大家整理了有关“高楼”的词汇,一起往下看吧~
雅思口语Part2&3话题范文:高楼
Where it is ?
开门见山,指出该建筑在哪?
What it is used for ?
可以具体介绍该高楼的用途,比如它可以是用来办公/住宿/观光等......
What it looks like ?
简答描述一下该高楼的外观。
And explain why you like or dislike it ?
最后具体地阐述一下喜欢或者不喜欢该高楼的原因,比如它的观光风景很好/食物很美味等,理由合理即可。
#范文+音频
There aren’t exactly too many tall buildings in my hometown, as far as I know, but there are a few of them which, I think, deserve some attention. Here, today, I would like to talk about one such tall building in my hometown which got my attention.
The building is conveniently located at the heart of my hometown, close to a major intersection, which can be easily accessed from all directions. The building is 25 storeys tall, with a size of about 14,000 square feet on each floor, which is built with all kinds of modern building materials, including fine limestone gravel, river sand, bricks, tiles, fibre cement sheets, metal rods, concrete, cement and glasses among many other things.
This is a curved-shape building and its exterior is fully made of fibreglass and Aluminum composite sheet while the entire interior floor and walls are made of very high-quality tiles. The building is also fully air-conditioned. There is a large patio/terrace in the mid-section of the building, which is hanging separately from the front side and attached to the building by itself for people to relax. The building also has a huge parking space in front of it. Having a great architectural design, this building is mainly used as one of the prime business centres of the town. It also houses many offices of some big corporations and companies. There is also a huge conference centre in this building, which occupies the whole 6th floor. Finally, this building is also served by 24 hours lift/elevator facility.
Anyway, I like this building, primarily because it has a very nice architectural design. In fact, this building is designed and erected with such a nice architectural design and at such a unique location that one can actually get a view of it from at least 6/7 kilometre away. Finally, I like this building also because I can get the perfect view of my beautiful hometown, especially during the night time, from the top-most floors of this building.
P3 高楼
# What are the disadvantages of living in tall buildings?
There are several disadvantages to living in a high rise apartment
Evacuation Concerns. If you live in a high rise apartment, you’ll face a harder challenge trying to evacuate due to emergencies, such a natural disaster or fire.
# Do you think there will be more tall buildings in the future?
I do think so. “Up to 2050, there will be 6,800 skyscrapers per billion people in cities“, their researchers say.
# Why aren't there many tall buildings in the countryside?
The primary reason is that there are many cities have restrictions on FSI (floor space index). Any also, there are few people living in countryside.
# Why do some people like to live in tall buildings nowadays?
The reasons for adopting high-rise buildings could be solutions for density problems and lack of available land for development, sometimes tall buildings more about power, prestige status, where they play an important role in meeting occupier demand for large prestigious headquarters.
#关于“高楼”的词汇积累
at the heart of city 在市中心
commercial district business hub 商业圈
Shanghai tower 上海中心大厦
iconic building 标志性的建筑
office 办公
fancy restaurant 高 级餐厅
awesome views 美丽的景色
Skyscraper 摩天大楼
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